Skip to Main Content

Overview

What are reviews?

There are many types of reviews that can be performed on the literature.

This guide outlines the most common types and provides a process for systematic reviews in the non-health discipline areas.

 

The term Systematic Review is sometimes mistakenly used to refer to literature reviews that are conducted systematically, or incorrectly applied to describe a range of other types of reviews. 

However, systematic reviews are part of Evidence Based Practice. They seek to identify best practice by identifying all the evidence answering a focused question and appraise and synthesise the evidence to arrive at greater certainty of what best practice is. 

Thus, key characteristics of systematic reviews are, a focused (i.e., narrow and specific) question, comprehensive searching and rigour and transparency in the reviewing and its reporting.

These types of reviews are very well developed in the Health Sciences, but are less common in the Arts and Humanities.

 

The most common form of review in the HASS sector is the Narrative Literature Review.

The information in this guide will help you determine what type of review you are doing, and the team size and timelines you might need to consider.

Literature Review vs Systematic Review

What is the difference between a literature and a systematic review?

This table compares the traits of a systematic review compared to a literature review.

 

Systematic Review

Literature Review

 Question

Focused on a single question

Not necessarily focused on a single question, but may describe an overview

 Protocol

A peer review protocol or plan is included

No protocol is included

 Background

Both provide summaries of the available literature on a topic

 Objectives

Clear objectives are identified

Objectives may or may not be identified

 Inclusion and Exclusion   Criteria

Criteria stated before the review is conducted

Criteria not specified

 Search Strategy

Comprehensive search conducted in a systematic way

Strategy not explicitly stated

 Process of Selecting   Articles

Usually clear and explicit

Not described in a literature review

 Process of Evaluating   Articles

Comprehensive evaluation of study quality

Evaluation of study quality may or may not be included

 Process of Extracting   Relevant Information

Usually clear and specific

Not clear or explicit

 Results and Data   Synthesis

Clear summaries of studies based on high quality evidence

Summary based on studies where the quality of the articles may not be specified. May also be influenced by the reviewer's theories, needs and beliefs

 Discussion

Written by an expert or group of experts with a detailed and well grounded knowledge of the issues

 Reproduced from: Bettany-Saltikov, J. (2010). Learning how to undertake a systematic review: Part 1. Nursing Standard, 24(40): 47-55.

Subjects: Architecture and built environment - All, Business - All, Creative industries - All, Education - All, Justice - All, Law - All
Tags: literature reviews, narrative literature review, scoping review, systematic reviews