There are many types of reviews that can be performed on the literature.
This guide outlines the most common types and provides a process for systematic reviews in the non-health discipline areas.
The term Systematic Review is sometimes mistakenly used to refer to literature reviews that are conducted systematically, or incorrectly applied to describe a range of other types of reviews.
However, systematic reviews are part of Evidence Based Practice. They seek to identify best practice by identifying all the evidence answering a focused question and appraise and synthesise the evidence to arrive at greater certainty of what best practice is.
Thus, key characteristics of systematic reviews are, a focused (i.e., narrow and specific) question, comprehensive searching and rigour and transparency in the reviewing and its reporting.
These types of reviews are very well developed in the Health Sciences, but are less common in the Arts and Humanities.
The most common form of review in the HASS sector is the Narrative Literature Review.
The information in this guide will help you determine what type of review you are doing, and the team size and timelines you might need to consider.
This table compares the traits of a systematic review compared to a literature review.
Systematic Review |
Literature Review |
|
Question |
Focused on a single question |
Not necessarily focused on a single question, but may describe an overview |
Protocol |
A peer review protocol or plan is included |
No protocol is included |
Background |
Both provide summaries of the available literature on a topic |
|
Objectives |
Clear objectives are identified |
Objectives may or may not be identified |
Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria |
Criteria stated before the review is conducted |
Criteria not specified |
Search Strategy |
Comprehensive search conducted in a systematic way |
Strategy not explicitly stated |
Process of Selecting Articles |
Usually clear and explicit |
Not described in a literature review |
Process of Evaluating Articles |
Comprehensive evaluation of study quality |
Evaluation of study quality may or may not be included |
Process of Extracting Relevant Information |
Usually clear and specific |
Not clear or explicit |
Results and Data Synthesis |
Clear summaries of studies based on high quality evidence |
Summary based on studies where the quality of the articles may not be specified. May also be influenced by the reviewer's theories, needs and beliefs |
Discussion |
Written by an expert or group of experts with a detailed and well grounded knowledge of the issues |
Reproduced from: Bettany-Saltikov, J. (2010). Learning how to undertake a systematic review: Part 1. Nursing Standard, 24(40): 47-55.
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